
I previously authored an article on this blog entitled “The Future of Net Neutrality”, anyone reading that article would easily come to the conclusion that I am on the same side of the issue with companies like Google, eBay and others who believe that users should have free access to any content and Service Providers should not be permitted to control access based on its type or the publisher or provider of it.
I decided to make this next article on the subject as even handed as possible and allow as little personal bias into it as can be accomplished. The purpose of this article is simply to explain what both sides of the debate are about and how the opposing groups are both using the same term to describe what their individual version of “Net Neutrality” is, because to understand the debate we must first get past that fact that both parties in it actually claim to be, “for net neutrality”.
Net Neutrality Version One – According to the Service Providers (AT&T, Comcast, etc)
The big service providers would tell you that the net remaining neutral is their goal. Their definition actually sounds quite reasonable as well because what they mean by neutral is no government regulation in regard to Internet access.
In other words they want the government to stay out of the business of making any regulations in regard to Internet access that would affect the three parties involved in any Internet connection, (the user, the connection provider and the content provider).
The key tenants to this argument are fairly simple to understand.
First, that the Internet has come all this way with no government intervention and has done so with amazing speed, creating more small businesses then anytime in history. It has spread communications, information and education at the speed of light across the globe and become the primary means of communications for the vast majority of the civilized world.
All of this has been done with out the government being involved and history has proven once the government starts to regulate there is no stopping it and it creates greater expense, taxes and restrictions. In short that no involvement by the government is what Neutrality if all about and that promotes true free enterprise.
Second, that right now many markets are underserved and there is a huge need to deploy broadband networks into rural America. That doing so is going to cost billions of dollars, so the Service Providers need to be able to justify the expense in order to build out the next generation of high-speed Internet access.
The solution according to the service providers is to charge the publisher of the content based on a tiered system for the type of content they want to deliver or for a higher speed connection to the end user. So if Google wants to provide steaming video and use up more of the high-speed connection, then Google should also have to pay for the extra bandwidth, not Joe Consumer. In the end some one is going to pay for it either the end user or the content publisher and the service providers claim that it is the “big corporations like Google” that should be paying the bill.
Third, that the model is already proven because it is not much different then the way landline phone service is sold today. Right now, for instance AT&T sells access to its lines at a wholesale rate to a Competitor who can then resell it to end users. One example is that AT&T resells local access to their copper lines to Sage Telecom who provides local phone service in eleven states. The two companies negotiate the pricing of the access and it works so why not continue this model of free enterprise into accessing broadband networks?
Fourth, that at the core the service providers claim that it is they indeed who dig the ditches, burry the lines, pay for the optical fiber, build the towers, maintain the network and spend billions on countless other expenses required to build and maintain these broadband networks. As the owner of these networks they should be able to control access to them sort of like if you buy a car you should be able to control who rides in it.
Overall it would appear that the service providers have a pretty good argument for both the definition of net neutrality and the right to maintain control over the networks they have so much invested in; however, the other side also makes some compelling arguments.
Net Neutrality Version Two – According to the Content Publishers (Google, eBay and any Website Owner)
Content providers which would include anyone that provides any form of content (standard web pages, steaming video and audio, VoIP Phone Service, etc) have a much different definition of Net Neutrality which interestingly enough starts out quite a bit similar to that of the Service Providers. They would also point back to the beginning of the Internet all the way up to present day but state that it is the Service Providers who are trying to change the historical model.
That the meaning of Net Neutrality would be for it to stay exactly as it has been, the provider sells a connection to the user of a given speed and quality and from that point the user should be free to access any type of content with no interference by the Service Provider. That it is now the Service Providers that are threatening to take away the principal of Net Neutrality and the government should step in to prevent this from occurring.
Again the key tenants of the content publishers are also pretty easy to understand and directly counter the arguments made by the Service Providers.
First, that the Internet has created countless new millionaires and spawned a huge growth of small and medium sized business and has done so primarily because in the Internet world borders to competition are almost non-existent. That Joe Entrepreneur can set up a business and directly compete with the largest corporation from the comfort of his own home precisely because his huge competitor can’t gain access to customers via any type of “preferred connection”.
Further that the pace of the internet is moving toward rich media like VoIP Phones and Steaming Video and these technologies open up a whole new world of competition for small businesses and entrepreneurs. With this technology a small time blogger can compete with big radio talk shows via a podcast or a local fishing guide can compete with The Outdoor Channel via steaming video. Of course it is impossible for the average person to get a T.V. Show or a Radio Talk Show via conventional media but the neutrality of the internet has allow this new segment to grow and thrive. So, the crux of the argument is that if the big players are permitted to buy faster access to the user it will come at the expense of the small business allowing for the quashing of countless potential new business and sources of information and entertainment. In short the big companies win at the expense of the small businessperson and the consumer.
Second, that the claim the Service Providers make about the need to build new networks in underserved markets is simply an “excuse” to justify changing the historical Neutrality model. That the underserved audience is all the opportunity needed just justify the expense of building the network because if you provide high speed access in such an area that you will gain a large number of users quite rapidly because they want high speed access.
The further argument would be that once the network is built and the Service Provider gains subscribers they will be charging them a monthly fee for access for years to come just like they do with Cable TV and Phone Service where clearly the small business person has never been able to compete. That only by requiring service providers to allow equal access for all content providers can the historical growth of the Internet and new sources of information, services and entertainment continue to grow.
Third, content providers would state that the existing model with in the local phone service market is actually a case for keeping the Internet “neutral” according their definition. They would simply point to the several thousand competitive local phone companies that have lost money and gone bankrupt in the past 10 years under that model and the limited choices that leaves consumers with today.
Of course they would also point out again how anyone can currently compete on the internet with a minor investment while almost no one could possibly afford to go out and compete with AT&T directly for local phone customers, precisely because AT&T controls access to all the customers you would have to compete for. Further stating that allowing the Service Providers to charge publishers for access will give them the same advantage on the Internet, to a large degree killing off the last great market open to all comers.
Fourth, while the Publisher would happily concede that the Service Providers do indeed build the Networks and are entitled to profit from the investment that they make. However, they would state that, said profit is derived by providing service to their customers not by charging publishers who are already paying for hosting and transfer on their end.
- First, they would state that as a user you should indeed decide “who rides in your car”, in this case what content you want to view and from whom. If you pay for a 3 MB connection you should be able to access any information you choose with it.
- Secondly, they would also state that we are not talking about the car but the road itself when it comes to internet access and once you pay to drive on a toll road you are free to do so and just like a road, the Internet is a public domain. That a Service Provider should no more be able to discriminate in regard to Internet Access then the government should be allowed to decide who rides on a bus or drives on a public road. That the Internet itself is a public domain and once access is paid for on both ends it should not be encumbered in any way.
Final Thoughts
As long as this article is it really only scratches the surface as to the argument on both sides of the coin. This is not a simple two-sided argument but a multi-armed monster that has a long way to go before the issue is resolved. As I authored this I realized that I could indeed make a compelling case for either side if I chose to, such debates are often the most difficult.
My concern with this one is less about which side wins the debate because I believe that if the debate is healthy and the public is well informed the solution will be reasonable. I do fear that by and large the public is simply unaware that this debate is even occurring. Worse those that do are being told that both sides want “Net Neutrality” with no explanation of what that really means or what the other party in the debate means when they are both constantly using the same term for completely different concepts.
What I would encourage any reader to do would be the following…
1. Learn all you can about the issue and form your opinion but do so by being informed not marketed to.
2. Once you form an opinion make it known, post in blog and forums, write your senator and call radio talk shows get the debate out into the main stream.
3. Understand that this issue DOES affect you because it will have implications for decades about where our information comes from and the growth of our economy. It will affect you whether you are a tech guru or a ditch digger the issue is that big, even though relatively few people are discussing it or understand it.
Attempting to be totally “neutral” in arguing both sides of this issue was difficult but helped me understand the issue much better; I hope it has done the same for you.
~ Jack Spirko
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